How to Protect Yourself from Mpox

Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a viral disease that has garnered global attention due to recent outbreaks including in Nigeria where recent reports highlight a surge in cases across several states. 

As a zoonotic virus from wild animals in parts of Africa, mpox has spread to various other regions. 

Abia State, located in southeastern Nigeria, recently reported its involvement in this ongoing health crisis. Recent Developments in Abia State

The Commissioner for Information, Prince Okey Kanu, announced that Abia State has identified 13 suspected cases of mpox, with one confirmed positive case, nine negatives, and three pending results. Fortunately, no deaths have been recorded thus far. 

The confirmed case originated in Isialangwa, prompting the state government to establish response centers, including one at the Abia State University Teaching Hospital, with plans to expand further.

Understanding Mpox

The mpox virus causes Mpox, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the Poxviridae family, which also includes the variola virus (which causes smallpox). Mpox is a rare viral zoonotic disease that primarily transmits from animals to humans, with the potential for human-to-human transmission. 

The virus, endemic to Africa’s tropical rainforests, is believed to be carried by rodents, squirrels, and monkeys. Transmission can occur through direct contact with infected animals’ blood, body fluids, or by consuming undercooked meat.

One of its distinguishing features is the development of a rash that forms blisters and crusts over. The incubation period—the time from infection to symptoms—ranges from 5 to 21 days

Human-to-human transmission is facilitated through contact with bodily fluids, contaminated materials, and prolonged exposure to respiratory droplets. Mpox typically comes with flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, exhaustion, and a distinctive rash that spreads across the body.

The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has confirmed a total of 39 mpox cases across 33 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Abuja. The states with the highest recorded cases include Bayelsa with 16, Cross River with 5, and both Ogun and Lagos reporting 4 cases each.

Transmission Modes

Mpox primarily spreads through close contact with an infected person or animal, or with material contaminated with the virus. Human-to-human transmission can occur via:

• Direct contact with body fluids or lesion material.
• Respiratory droplets during prolonged face-to-face contact.
• Contaminated objects, such as bedding or clothing.

Preventive Measures

1. Avoid Close Contact

Limiting physical contact with individuals who display symptoms of mpox is crucial. Avoid touching any rash or sores a person may have. In areas experiencing outbreaks, minimize close contact in crowded settings.

2. Practice Good Hygiene

Regular handwashing with soap and water is a fundamental preventive measure. If soap and water are unavailable, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Keep your hands away from your face, particularly your eyes, nose, and mouth, as these are common entry points for the virus.

3. Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

If you are caring for someone infected with mpox or are a healthcare worker, use appropriate PPE. This includes gloves, gowns, and masks. Proper donning and doffing of PPE reduce the risk of contamination.

4. Clean and Disinfect Regularly

Regular cleaning and disinfection of frequently touched surfaces and items can help prevent the spread of the virus. Use EPA-approved disinfectants and follow the instructions on the label for the most effective results.

5. Be Cautious with Animals

Avoid contact with animals that could harbor the virus, especially those that are sick or that have been found in areas where mpox is known to occur. This includes wild animals and exotic pets.

6. Monitor Health and Seek Early Medical Attention

If you suspect you have been exposed to mpox, monitor your health closely for the onset of symptoms, particularly the characteristic rash. If symptoms develop, isolate yourself from others and seek medical advice promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can mitigate the severity of the disease and reduce the risk of spread.

7. Educate Yourself and Others

Stay informed about mpox and its prevalence in your region. Public health advisories and updates from reliable sources like the World Health Organization (WHO) or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provide crucial information on managing the outbreak.