World TB Day 2025: 7 Facts About Tuberculosis You Should Know 

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease triggered by a bacterial infection that predominantly targets the lungs, though it can also impact other parts of the body such as the spine, brain, and kidneys.

Not all individuals infected with TB will exhibit symptoms. In cases where the infection is present but asymptomatic, it is referred to as latent TB. In this state, the TB bacteria remain dormant within the body.

In 2023, Nigeria recorded a number of tuberculosis (TB) cases, reaching 467,000 for the year. This figure highlights the ongoing challenge the country faces in controlling this infectious disease despite various efforts to enhance detection, treatment, and prevention​

Earlier in the year, it was also reported that over 300,000 TB cases were diagnosed, marking a milestone in the country’s efforts to bridge the gap in missing TB cases and align with its strategic goals set for 2025​

The National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme noted that 371,019 TB cases were notified in 2023, representing a significant achievement in their case finding and notification efforts​

Here are seven  facts about TB as of 2025:

Importance of Childhood Vaccination 

The BCG vaccine, administered at birth, leaves a small mark but plays a major role in preventing severe TB cases in children. While it doesn’t guarantee complete immunity, it mitigates the disease’s impact.

Keeping Distance from Persistent Coughers 

TB spreads through the air, making it wise to maintain a distance from those who cough persistently, particularly in confined or poorly ventilated spaces. This is a matter of safety, not just etiquette.

Relevance of Masks 

Despite the end of the pandemic era, masks remain crucial in TB prevention, especially in high-risk environments such as hospitals, public transportation, and crowded venues.

Supporting Your Immune System 

A strong immune system is your best defense against TB. Maintain it by eating well, staying hydrated, sleeping adequately, and managing stress.

Assessing the Necessity of Social Gatherings 

Avoid crowded events if you’re unwell or have a persistent cough, as TB thrives in such environments. Prioritizing health is a prudent decision.

Proper Cough Etiquette 

When coughing, use a tissue or your elbow and wash your hands afterward. Simple practices like these are vital in curbing the spread of infections.

Addressing Persistent Coughs 

If your cough lasts more than two weeks, seek a professional medical evaluation. TB testing is widely available and often free, facilitating early detection and prevention of further transmission.