Meet 5 Yoruba Women Who Shaped Nigeria’s Pre-Independence Era

The Yoruba are one of Nigeria’s largest ethnic groups, known for their rich history and culture. In pre-independence times, Yoruba society had complex structures involving various guilds and societies.

Women in Yoruba land were key to the economic, social, and political life.

1. Funmilayo Ransome- Kuti

Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, often called the ‘mother of African nationalism’, was more than a political activist; she was a visionary whose influence transcended the borders of Abeokuta, her hometown.

After her initial career as a teacher, she became deeply involved in national and international advocacy for women’s rights. 

Her leadership of the Abeokuta Women’s Union was marked by bold protests that successfully pressured the colonial government to abolish the tax on women. 

Beyond her economic activism, Funmilayo advocated for Nigerian independence, aligning herself with nationalist figures like her son, the renowned musician and activist Fela Kuti.

Her international engagements included traveling to the Soviet Union, China, and Eastern Europe, where she met with leaders like Mao Zedong. 

These visits significantly influenced her political views and strategies, which she integrated into her activism back home. 

2. Madam Efunroye Tinubu

Madam Efunroye was a powerful trader and politician in Lagos in the mid-19th century. 

She used her wealth and influence to fight against the slave trade and had a major impact on Lagos’ politics.

3. Elizabeth Adekogbe

Elizabeth Adekogbe was known for her leading role in the women’s protests against unfair taxes in 1953. 

Her activism brought women together from different ethnic groups to stand against colonial rule. But Elizabeth did more than just organize protests. 

She was crucial in connecting women across Nigeria, helping them see the importance of unity and working together for change. 

This network of women became stronger and more involved in fighting for their rights.

She also helped start the Nigerian Women’s Party, which aimed to give women a louder voice in politics and society. Through her hard work and leadership, Elizabeth motivated many women to stand up for their rights and get involved in leading their country. 

4. Chief (Mrs.) Alimotu Pelewura

Chief (Mrs.) Alimotu Pelewura was not only a leader within the Lagos Market Women’s Association; she was also a formidable advocate for the economic independence of Nigerian women. 

Under her leadership, the association grew in numbers and influence, becoming a powerful voice against unfair colonial practices that targeted market women. 

Pelewura’s ability to mobilize and unite market women was a testament to her exceptional leadership and deep understanding of the challenges they faced.

Beyond resisting taxes, she also fought for the rights of market women to trade freely and have a say in the market’s governance. 

5. Iyalode Efunsetan Aniwura

Iyalode Aniwura was not only one of the wealthiest women in 19th-century Yorubaland, but she was also a remarkable leader. 

Known for her vast wealth, she was much more than just rich. Aniwura led military campaigns and played a vital role in the politics and economy of Ibadan, showcasing her skills as a strategist and leader.

She stood firm against policies she found unfair, especially those that harmed the people in her community.